Il Nuovo Postiglione - Johnson in crisis after Tories crushed in UK parliamentary votes

In a pointed letter to Johnson, party chairman and cabinet member Oliver Dowden said "somebody" had to shoulder the blame for "recent events".

That was widely seen as a reference to "Partygate" and other scandals dogging the prime minister, who only narrowly survived a no-confidence vote this month among Tory MPs.

But Johnson framed the election setbacks as mid-term blues for the Conservatives, as Britain contends with inflation reaching double-digit levels not seen since the 1970s.

National strikes by railway workers this week have added to the sense of crisis.

"Clearly we've got to listen to these results," he said from Rwanda, where he is attending a Commonwealth summit. "We will keep going, addressing the concerns of people."

Johnson travels to Germany and then Spain for G7 and NATO summits after his current visit to Rwanda. He is not due back in Britain until late next week, and in the meantime Tory critics will be sharpening their knives.

If replicated in the next general election due by 2024, the results in the two by-elections would consign the Conservatives to a historic national defeat.

In the Tiverton and Honiton constituency, southwest England, the party saw its 2019 general election majority of more than 24,000 votes wiped out by the centrist Liberal Democrats, in one of the biggest upsets of UK electoral history.

The main Labour opposition meanwhile regained the Westminster seat of Wakefield, in northern England, in a further sign of its resurgence after Johnson triumphed in 2019 on a vow to "get Brexit done".

Since then, the impact of Brexit and the Covid pandemic have worsened the economic picture, and opinion polls show widespread disgust at Johnson's leadership arising from lockdown-busting parties held in Downing Street.

The victorious Liberal Democrat candidate, Richard Foord, said voters in Tiverton and Honiton had sent a "shockwave through British politics".

"It's time for Boris Johnson to go, and go now," he said.

Labour's newly elected MP for Wakefield, Simon Lightwood, told Johnson: "Your contempt for this country is no longer tolerated."

- 'Ravens leaving the Tower' -

The reasons for the two by-elections were emblematic of Tory troubles.

The former MP for Tiverton and Honiton had to step down after he was seen watching pornography on his phone in parliament.

In Wakefield, the MP quit after he was convicted of sexual assault against a 15-year-old boy.

The "porn MP", Neil Parish, rejected Johnson's attempts to deflect blame after the Tories lost his rural area of southwest England for the first time since the early 19th century.

"It became a referendum on Boris Johnson and what is happening nationally," he told BBC television.

Under current party rules, the prime minister should be safe from another leadership vote for 12 months.

But senior MP Geoffrey Clifton-Brown, who sits on the "1922 committee" of Tory backbenchers, indicated that the rules could change.

Johnson will have to defend himself anew to the party in the coming days, he said on BBC radio.

"We will then, in the parliamentary party, have to make a judgment as to whether we think that is a satisfactory explanation, or whether we should actually take steps to have a new prime minister."

Dowden was an early backer of Johnson's bid to unseat Theresa May as Conservative leader in June 2019.

"His departure is the ravens leaving the Tower of London," Daniel Finkelstein, a Conservative lord and journalist, wrote in The Times newspaper.

"We all take responsibility for the results and I'm determined to continue working to tackle the cost of living" he said, without specifying whether he still backs the prime minister.

E.Scozzafava--INP